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SUMMARY:TYC Highlight Seminar: Intranuclear phase separation\, and its role in transcription and gene regulation
DESCRIPTION:avide Marenduzzo\, University of Edinburgh \n\n\n\nThe recording of the seminar can be found here \n\n\n\nAbstract: Microscopy studies suggest that chromatin and its associated proteins often form phase separated droplets within the nucleus of eukaryotic organisms. I will describe some possible biophysical mechanisms underlying such intranuclear phase separation and microphase separation (arrested phase separation resulting in the formation of droplets of self-limiting size). I will also discuss potential functional roles of phase separation in transcription\, as active and inactive clusters are normally spatially segregated.  \n\n\n\nSpecifically\, I will show that multivalent chromatin binding mediates cooperative interactions between proteins which naturally leads to the creation of phase separated clusters (through what we call the “bridging-induced attraction”). Such clusters are strikingly similar to nuclear bodies and transcription factories found in side eukaryotic nuclei. The model also suggests a potential role of clustering for gene regulation\, and it provides potential solutions to puzzles concerning the actions of enhancers\, super-enhancers\, and expression quantitative trait loci. I will then discuss how the model can be enhanced to include the recently discovered “loop extrusion” so that it can predict 3D chromatin structure genome-wide\, and how it can be used to study the dynamics of chromatin transcription so that it can predict the effect of 3D structure on transcriptional activity in human cells.
URL:https://thomasyoungcentre.org/event/tyc-highlight-seminar-intranuclear-phase-separation-and-its-role-in-transcription-and-gene-regulation/
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